Hysteresis behaviours of niobium containing barium titanate crystals
N.N. Bolshakova, D.A. Pavlov, E.M. Semenova
Tver State University
DOI: 10.26456/pcascnn/2025.17.044
Original article
Abstract: The paper presents the results of an experimental study of switching processes in niobium- containing BaTiO3 crystals. It is shown that increasing the niobium concentration in BaTiO3:Nb5+ in the range from 0,1 to 0,9 mol.% leads to an increase in the values of the switchable polarization of crystals by 20-30% compared to pure barium titanate. Coercive fields also increase: the maximum increase in the coercive field by 95% is observed for crystals with the niobium concentration of 0,9 mol.%. The field frequency has a significant effect on the switching processes: with an increase in the frequency of the repolarizing field E = 9,6ꞏ104 Vꞏm-1, the values of the switched polarization decrease monotonically to frequencies of the order of 500 Hz, and the dielectric viscosity coefficient – to 200 Hz. If we continue to increase the field frequency, the values of the polarization and the dielectric viscosity coefficient remain practically unchanged. It was found that in the frequency range from 30 Hz to 90 Hz, the domain structure of the BaTiO3 crystal actively participates in its repolarization processes.
Keywords: barium titanate crystals, hysteresis, switching processes, permittivity, viscosity, domain structure
- Nataly N. Bolshakova – Ph. D., Docent, Condensed Matter Physics Department, Tver State University
- Dmitriy A. Pavlov – 1st year graduate student, Faculty of Physics and Technology, Tver State University
- Elena M. Semenova – Ph. D., Docent, Condensed Matter Physics Department, Tver State University
For citation:
Bolshakova N.N., Pavlov D.A., Semenova E.M. Gisterezisnye yavleniya v niobijsoderzhashchikh kristallakh titanata bariya [Hysteresis behaviours of niobium containing barium titanate crystals], Fiziko-khimicheskie aspekty izucheniya klasterov, nanostruktur i nanomaterialov [Physical and chemical aspects of the study of clusters, nanostructures and nanomaterials], 2025, issue 17, pp. 044-051. DOI: 10.26456/pcascnn/2025.17.044. ⎘
Full article (in Russian): download PDF file
References:
1. Adediji Y.B., Adeyinka A.M., Yahya D.I. et al. A review of energy storage applications of lead-free BaTiO3-based dielectric ceramic capacitors, Energy, Ecology and Environment, 2023, vol. 8, issue 5, pp. 401-419. DOI: 10.1007/s40974-023-00286-5.
2. Huang Y., Ma X., Shi W. et al. Electrocaloric effect in chemically modified barium titanate ferroelectric ceramics, Ceramics
International, 2024, vol. 50, issue 23, pp. 50098-50106. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.09.356.
3. Sood A., Desseigne M., Dev A. et al. A comprehensive review on barium titanate nanoparticles as a persuasive piezoelectric material for biomedical applications: prospects and challenges, Small, 2023, vol. 19, issue 12, art. no. 2206401, 29 p. DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206401.
4. Tumarkin A.V., Sapego E.N., Gagarin A.G. et al. Strukturnye i ehlektricheskie svoistva steklokeramicheskikh segnetoehlektricheskikh kompozitnykh materialov [Structural and electrical properties of glass-ceramic ferroelectric composite materials], Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii Rossii. Radioelektronika [Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics], 2022, vol. 25, issue 3, pp. 86-95. DOI: 10.32603/1993-8985-2022-25-3-86-95. (In Russian).
5. Mylnikov I.L., Soshnikov I.P., Dedyk A.I. et al. Vliyanie razmerov zeren na temperaturnyi gisterezis keramicheskogo titanata bariya [Effect of grain sizes on temperature hysteresis of ceramic barium titanate], Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii Rossii. Radioelektronika [Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics], 2025, vol. 28, issue 2, pp. 57-68. DOI: 10.32603/1993-8985-2025-28-2-57-68. (In Russian).
6. Abdullaev D.A., Milovanov R.A., Volkov R.L. et al. Segnetoehlektricheskaya pamyat': sovremennoe proizvodstvo i issledovaniya [Ferroelectric memory: state-of-the-art manufacturing and research], Rossiiskii Tekhnologicheskii Zhurnal [Russian Technological Journal], 2020, vol. 8, issue 5, pp. 44-67. DOI: 10.32362/2500-316X-2020-8-5-44-67. (In Russian).
7. Difeo M., Rubio-Marcos F., Del Campo A. et al. A suitable approach to achieve functional (Bi,Na)TiO3-based lead-free piezoceramics via compositional design for energy storage applications, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2023, vol. 34, issue 28, art. no.1962, 11 p. DOI: 10.1007/s10854-023-11258-0.
8. Cai E., Peng S., Liu Q. Superior piezoelectricity in lead-free barium titanate piezoceramics, Journal of Materiomics, 2024, vol. 10, issue 3, pp. 694-706. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmat.2023.09.006.
9. Acosta M., Novak N., Rojas V. et al. BaTiO3-based piezoelectrics: fundamentals, current status, and perspectives, Applied Physics Reviews, 2017, vol. 4, issue 4, art. no. 041305. – 53 p. DOI: 10.1063/1.4990046.
10. Remeika J.P., Jackson W.M. A method for growing barium titanate single crystals, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1954, vol. 76, issue 3, pp. 940-941. DOI: 10.1021/ja01632a107.
11. Diamant H., Drenck K., Pepinsky R. Bridge for accurate measurement of ferroelectric hysteresis, Review of scientific instruments, 1957, vol. 28, issue 1, pp. 30-33. DOI: 10.1063/1.1715701.
12. Pecherskaya E.A. The use of the Sawyer-Tower method and its modifications to measure the electrical parameters of ferroelectric materials, Measurement Techniques, 2007, vol. 50, issue 10, pp. 1101-1107. DOI: 10.1007/s11018-007-0205-1.
13. Borodina V.V., Kramarov S.O. Vliyanie mekhanicheskikh napryazhenii na domennuyu strukturu monokristallov mnogoosnykh segnetoehlektrikov (na primere titanata bariya) [Effect of mechanical stresses on the domain structure of barium titanate single crystals], Rossiiskii Tekhnologicheskii Zhurnal [Russian Technological Journal], 2020. vol. 8, issue 4, pp. 66-78. DOI: 10.32362/2500-316X-2020-8-4-66-78. (In Russian).
14. Rudyak V.M. Protsessy pereklyucheniya v nelineinykh kristallakh [Switching processes in nonlinear crystals], Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1986, 248 p. (In Russian).
15. Patino E., Stashans A. Structural and electronic effects in BaTiO3 due to the Nb doping, Ferroelectrics, 2001, vol. 256, issue 1, pp. 189-200. DOI: 10.1080/00150190108015983.