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Основан в 2009 году

Металлические мембраны для очистки водорода: проблемы, тенденции и перспективы применения

В.А. Полухин, С.Х. Эстемирова

ФГБУН «Институт металлургии УрО РАН»

DOI: 10.26456/pcascnn/2024.16.686

Обзор

Аннотация: Проблемы, связанные с глобальным потеплением из-за выбросов парниковых газов в результате деятельности человека, заставляют искать пути к созданию новых технологий сокращения выбросов CO2 при сжигании ископаемого топлива. Водород является чистым и эффективным энергоносителем, поэтому водородная энергетика рассматривается как одно из стратегических направлений развития энергетической безопасности и устойчивости. Хотя водород можно производить путем электролиза воды, в настоящее время большая часть производимого во всем мире водорода по экономическим причинам поступает из парового риформинга природного газа, который должен быть подвергнут очистке от примесей до сверхвысокой чистоты. Традиционные методы, основанные на абсорбции–десорбции при переменном давлении с помощью криогенной дистилляции, являются энергоемкими, что побуждает разрабатывать новые высокоселективные иэнергоэффективные технологии очистки H2. К таким технологиям относится быстро развивающаяся мембранная технология, которая на данный момент, еще не достигла того уровня, который необходим для ее повсеместного промышленного применения. В данной обзорной статье проанализированы основные аспекты текущих исследований в области технологии очистки водорода с помощью плотных металлических мембран с акцентом на их технологическую устойчивость за счет подбора их химического состава (в том числе мультикомпонентного) и оптимизации структурного состояния. Рассматриваются также перспективы дальнейшего развития и использования этой технологии для нужд экономики.

Ключевые слова: мембранное разделение газов, очистка водорода, ОЦК-структура, ГЦК-структура, высокоэнтропийные сплавы, аморфные сплавы, растворимость, проницаемость водорода, диффузия, термостабильность, хрупкость

  • Полухин Валерий Анатольевич – д.ф.-м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, ФГБУН «Институт металлургии УрО РАН»
  • Эстемирова Светлана Хусаиновна – к.х.н., старший научный сотрудник, ФГБУН «Институт металлургии УрО РАН»

Ссылка на статью:

Полухин, В.А. Металлические мембраны для очистки водорода: проблемы, тенденции и перспективы применения / В.А. Полухин, С.Х. Эстемирова // Физико-химические аспекты изучения кластеров, наноструктур и наноматериалов. — 2024. — Вып. 16. — С. 686-710. DOI: 10.26456/pcascnn/2024.16.686.

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